Direct costs of myopia in Singapore

Myopia and night lighting in children in Singapore.

AIM To examine the role of night time lighting and myopia in children in Singapore METHODS A cross sectional study was conducted on 1001 children in two Singapore schools. Cycloplegic refraction and A-scan biometry measurements were made in both eyes. A detailed questionnaire was completed by the parents to obtain information on night time lighting, near work activity, educational and demogra...

Myopia in Singapore: taking a public health approach.

Myopia is a problem of public health concern in Singapore for three reasons. Firstly, the prevalence of myopia (more than −0.5 dioptres (D)) is one of the highest worldwide. Twenty per cent of Singapore children are myopic at 7 years at the start of their primary education, with prevalence exceeding 70% upon completing college education. Other population based studies showed myopia prevalence o...

the direct medical costs of breast cancer in isfahan-iran

Evaluation of Direct Medical Costs in Hospitalized Diabetic Patients After Health Reform Plan

Background and Objectives: Diabetes is one of the most expensive chronic diseases and a global public health problem. One of the objectives of implementing the Health Reform Plan (HRP) was to reduce the out-of-pocket payments for hospitalized patients. The present study was carried out with the aim of determining the direct medical costs in hospitalized diabetic patients after implementation of...

on direct sums of baer modules

the notion of baer modules was defined recently